Bhagavadgita Pages in English, Chapters 1 to 18
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V.Krishnaraj
श्रीभगवानुवाच ऊर्ध्वमूलमधःशाखमश्वत्थं प्राहुरव्ययम् । छन्दांसि यस्य पर्णानि यस्तं वेद स वेदवित् ॥१५- १॥
śrībhagavān uvāca
śrībhagavān uvāca
= Sri
Bhagavan said:
prāhuḥ4
= they say;
avyayam5
= the
imperishable;
aśvattham3
= the Asvattham tree/Banyan tree;
ūrdhva-mūlam1
= with roots above; [and]
adhaḥ-śākham2
= branches below;
yasya7
= of which/that;
parṇāni8
= the leaves; [are]
chandāṁsi6
= Vedic hymns;
yaḥ9
saḥ12=
he who;
veda11
= knows;
tam10
= that; [is]
vedavit13
=
the knower of Vedas.15.1
chandāṁsi
= Vedic hymns.
'Chandas/chad' means 'to spread as a
cover or canopy.' That which covers is a protector. That which
protects is Veda. Thus Chandas refers to the Vedas.
15.1:
Sri Bhagavan said:
It is said that there is the
imperishable Asvattham tree with its roots above and the branches below and
of which the leaves are the hymns. He who knows this is the knower of the
Vedas. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
अधश्चोर्ध्वं प्रसृतास्तस्य शाखा गुणप्रवृद्धा विषयप्रवालाः । अधश्च मूलान्यनुसंततानि कर्मानुबन्धीनि मनुष्यलोके ॥१५- २॥
adhaś cordhvaṁ prasṛtāstasya
śākhā guṇapravṛddhā
viṣayapravālāḥ
tasya5
śākhāḥ6
= Its branches;
prasṛtāḥ4
= extend;
adhaḥ1
ca2
urdhvam3
= below and above;
guṇa
pravṛddhā5
=
nourished by Gunas; [with]
viṣaya
pravālāḥ6
= sense objects as shoots;
ca8
= and;
mūlāni9
= [its] roots;
anusantatāni10
= extend;
adhaḥ7
= downwards;
manuṣya-loke12
= to the world of men;
karma-anubandhīni11
= bound to karma.15.2
15.2:
Its branches extend downwards and upwards nourished by Gunas, with
sense objects as shoots or sprouts; and its roots extend downwards to the
world of men, bound to karma. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
न रूपमस्येह तथोपलभ्यते नान्तो न चादिर्न च संप्रतिष्ठा । अश्वत्थमेनं सुविरूढमूल-मसङ्गशस्त्रेण दृढेन छित्त्वा ॥१५- ३॥
na rūpam
asyeha tathopalabhyate nānto na cādir na ca saṁpratiṣṭhā
iha3
= In this [world];
na1A
asya2
rūpam1B
= neither1A
its2
form1B;
tathaḥ4
= also;
na6
antaḥ7
= nor the end;
na8
ādiḥ10
= nor the beginning;
ca9
= and;
na11
saṁpratiṣṭhā13
= nor the continuance;
upalabhyate5
= is seen;
ca12
= and;
chittvā19
= having cut;
enam15
= this;
suvirūḍha-mūlam16
= firmly
rooted;
aśvattham14
= Asvattam tree;
dṛḍhena18
= with strong;
asaṅga-śastreṇa17
= weapon of detachment. 15.3
15.3: Neither its form nor its end nor its beginning nor its continuance is seen. Having cut this firm-rooted Asvattham tree by the strong weapon of detachment… Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
ततः पदं तत्परिमार्गितव्यं यस्मिन्गता न निवर्तन्ति भूयः । तमेव चाद्यं पुरुषं प्रपद्ये यतः प्रवृत्तिः प्रसृता पुराणी ॥१५- ४॥
tataḥ
padaṁ tatparimārgitavyaṁ yasmin gatā na nivartanti bhūyaḥ
tataḥ1
= Thereafter;
parimārgitavyam4
= seek;
tat3
= that;
padam2
= goal
[Vishnu as the goal];
gatā6
= going;
yasmin5
= where;
[one]
na nivartanti7
= does not
return;
bhūyaḥ8
= again;
[back into a world of misery];
ca11
= and;
prapadye14
= surrender
[take refuge];
tam9
= in That;
ādyam12
= primal;
puruṣam13
= Person;
yataḥ15
= from whom;
eva10
= indeed;
prasṛtā17
= come forth;
purāṇī18
= eternal;
pravṛttiḥ16
=
Manifestation.
15.4
15.4:
Thereafter, seek out that goal, attaining which one does not return
again. Surrender to the (first and) Primal Person from whom the ancient
manifestation comes forth. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
निर्मानमोहा जितसङ्गदोषा अध्यात्मनित्या विनिवृत्तकामाः । द्वन्द्वैर्विमुक्ताः सुखदुःखसंज्ञै- र्गच्छन्त्यमूढाः पदमव्ययं तत् ॥१५- ५॥
nirmānamohā
jitasaṅgadoṣā
adhyātmanityā vinivṛttakāmāḥ
amūḍhāḥ9
= The wise
ones;
nirmāna-mohā1
= without false pride and delusion;
jita-saṅga-doṣā2
= having vanquished the evil of attachment
[conquered-attachment-evil];
adhyātma-nityā3
= (who are) eternally devoted to the Self
[Self-eternal];
vinivṛtta-kāmāḥ4
= divorced from passion [free from-desires];vimuktāḥ6
= free from;
dvandvaiḥ5
= dualities;
sukha-duḥkha-sańjńaiḥ7
= called happiness and sorrow [happiness-sorrow-called];
gacchhanti8
= reach;
tat12
= that;
avyayam11
= eternal;
padam10
= state.
15.5
15.5:
The wise ones, without false pride and delusion, having vanquished
the evil of attachment, eternally devoted to the Supreme Self, divorced from
passion (Kāmāh), free from dualities of happiness and
distress, and delusion, reach the eternal state. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
न तद्भासयते सूर्यो न शशाङ्को न पावकः । यद्गत्वा न निवर्तन्ते तद्धाम परमं मम ॥१५- ६॥
na tad
bhāsayate sūryo na śaśāṅko
na pāvakaḥ
na1
sūryaḥ4
= Neither sun;
na śaśāṅkaḥ5
= nor moon;
na pāvakaḥ6
= nor fire;
bhāsayate3
=
illuminates;
tat2
= That.
tat10
= That; [is]
mama13
=
My;
paramam12
= Supreme;
dhāma11
= abode;
gatvā8
= reaching;
yat7
= which;
[they]
na nivartante9
= do not
come back. 15.6
15.6:
They never come back once they reach the supreme abode of Mine, where
neither the sun,
nor the moon, nor the fire
does not shine. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
ममैवांशो जीवलोके जीवभूतः सनातनः । मनःषष्ठानीन्द्रियाणि प्रकृतिस्थानि कर्षति ॥१५- ७॥
mamaivāṁśo
jīvaloke jīvabhūtaḥ
sanātanaḥ
aṁśaḥ3
= A fragment of;
mama1
= My own
Self;
eva2
= indeed;
[becomes]
sanātanaḥ6
= the eternal;
jīva-bhūtaḥ5
= Jivatmas
[embodied souls];
jīva-loke4
= in the world of Jivas;
karṣati10
= drawing;
indriyāṇi8
= the sense organs; [with]
manaḥ-ṣaṣṭhāni7
= the mind as the sixth sense; [and]
prakṛti-sthāni9
= abiding in Nature. 15.7 15.7: A fragment of My own Self becomes the eternal living soul in this world of Jivas and draws the senses of material nature (Prakrti), of which the mind is the sixth. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
शरीरं यदवाप्नोति यच्चाप्युत्क्रामतीश्वरः । गृहित्वैतानि संयाति वायुर्गन्धानिवाशयात् ॥१५- ८॥
śarīraṁ
yad avāpnoti yac cāpy utkrāmatīśvaraḥ
yat4
= When;
īśvaraḥ8
= Isvarah;
avāpnoti3
= enters
[obtains];
ca5
= and;
api6
= also;
yat2
= when; [He]
utkrāmati7
= leaves;
śarīram1
= the body;
[He]
gṛhitva9
= takes;
etāni10
= these [sense organs and the mind]; [and]
saṁyāti11
= leaves;
iva14
= as;
vāyuḥ12
= the wind; [carries]
gandhān13
= the fragrance;
āśayāt15
= from their origin [flowers].15.8
15.8:
When Isvarah enters and leaves a body, he takes all these (senses and
mind) and goes as the wind carries the fragrance from their place (flowers). Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
श्रोत्रं चक्षुः स्पर्शनं च रसनं घ्राणमेव च । अधिष्ठाय मनश्चायं विषयानुपसेवते ॥१५- ९॥
śrotraṁ
cakṣuḥ sparśanaṁ ca rasanaṁ ghrāṇam
eva ca
ayam12
= He;
upasevate14
= experiences;
viṣayān13
= sense objects;
adhiṣṭhāya9
= by overseeing;
śrotram1
= the ears;
cakṣuḥ2
= the eyes;
ca4
= and;
sparśanam3
= the skin;
eva7
= also;
rasanam5
= the tongue;
ca8
= and;
ghrāṇam6
= the nose;
ca11
= and;
manaḥ10
= the mind. 15.9
15.9:
He experiences the sense objects (sound, vision, touch, taste, and
smell) by overseeing the ears, the eyes, the skin, the tongue, the nose, and
the mind. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
उत्क्रामन्तं स्थितं वापि भुञ्जानं वा गुणान्वितम् । विमूढा नानुपश्यन्ति पश्यन्ति ज्ञानचक्षुषः ॥१५- १०॥
utkrāmantaṁ
sthitaṁ vāpi bhuńjānaṁ vā guṇānvitam
vimūḍhā8
= The deluded
person;
na9
= does not;
anupaśyanti10
= see; [the
self or the soul]
vā3
= either;
utkrāmantam1
= leaving the
body;
vā6
= or;
sthitam2
= remaining
in the body;
api4
= although;
bhuńjānam5
=
experiencing; [the sense objects]
guṇa-anvitam7
= in
association with Guna; [only]
jńāna-cakṣuṣaḥ12
= the ones with the eye of wisdom;
paśyanti11
= do see.
15.10
15.10:
The ignorant do not see the “self” leaving the body, residing in the
body or enjoying the sense pleasures of the Gunas. Those who have the eye of
wisdom can see. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
यतन्तो योगिनश्चैनं पश्यन्त्यात्मन्यवस्थितम् । यतन्तोऽप्यकृतात्मानो नैनं पश्यन्त्यचेतसः ॥१५- ११॥
yatanto
yoginaś cainaṁ paśyanty ātmany avasthitam
yatantaḥ1
= The
striving;
yoginaḥ2
= Yogis;
paśyanti5
= can see;
enam4
= this [the
Self];
avasthitam7
=
established;
ātmani6
= in
themselves;
ca3
= and;
acetasaḥ14
=
the imprudent;
akṛta-ātmānaḥ10
= not established in the self;
api9
= though;
yatantaḥ8
= striving;
na11
= do not;
paśyanti13
= see;
enam12
= this.
15.11 15.11: The striving Yogis can see it [the Self] established in themselves. The imprudent, not established in the self, though striving, do not see this. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
यदादित्यगतं तेजो जगद्भासयतेऽखिलम् । यच्चन्द्रमसि यच्चाग्नौ तत्तेजो विद्धि मामकम् ॥१५- १२॥
yad ādityagataṁ tejo jagad bhāsayatekhilam
tejaḥ3
= The
splendor;
yat1
= which is;
āditya-gatam2
= in the
sun;
bhāsayate5
= illumines;
akhilam6
= the whole;
jagat4
= world;
yat7
= that which
is;
candramasi8
= in the
moon;
ca10
= and;
yat9
= that which
is;
agnau11
= in the
fire;
viddhi14
= know;
tat12
= that;
tejaḥ13
= light; [is]
māmakam15
=
Mine. 15.12
15.12:
The splendor coming from the sun illumines the whole world; that
which is in the moon and that which is also in the fire, know (Arjuna) that
splendor is Mine. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
गामाविश्य च भूतानि धारयाम्यहमोजसा । पुष्णामि चौषधीः सर्वाः सोमो भूत्वा रसात्मकः ॥१५- १३॥
gām āviśya
ca bhūtāni dhārayāmy aham ojasā
ca3
= Moreover;
aham6
= I;
dhārayāmi5
= sustain;
bhūtāni4
= all beings;
ojasā7
= with My
power;
āviśya2
= by
entering;
gām1
= earth;
ca9
= and;
puṣṇāmi8
= I nourish;
sarvāḥ11
= all;
auṣadhīḥ10
= flora
[herbs];
bhūtvā13
= by
becoming;
rasātmakaḥ14
= juice or
sap-giving;
somaḥ12
= moon.
15.13
15.13:
I sustain all beings with My Power, entering earth. Becoming the
juice-giving moon, I nourish all the herbs (plants). Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
अहं वैश्वानरो भूत्वा प्राणिनां देहमाश्रितः । प्राणापानसमायुक्तः पचाम्यन्नं चतुर्विधम् ॥१५- १४॥
ahaṁ vaiśvānaro bhūtvā prāṇināṁ deham āśritaḥ
bhūtvā3
= Becoming;
vaiśvānaraḥ2
= digestive
fire;
deham5
= in the
bodies; [and]
āśritaḥ6
= abiding;
prāṇinām4
= in all
living beings;
aham1
= I;
prāṇa-apāna-samāyuktaḥ7
= in
connection with Prana (Up) and Apana (down) breaths;
pacāmi8
= digest;
caturvidham10
= four kinds;
annam9
= of foods.
15.14
15.14:
Becoming the (digestive) fire in the bodies of all living creatures,
and moving with (ease and) equal balance in upward and downward breaths, I
digest foods of four kinds. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
सर्वस्य चाहं हृदि संनिविष्टो मत्तः स्मृतिर्ज्ञानमपोहनं च । वेदैश्च सर्वैरहमेव वेद्यो वेदान्तकृद्वेदविदेव चाहम् ॥१५- १५॥
sarvasya
cāhaṁ hṛdi
saṁniviṣṭo
mattaḥ
smṛtir
jńānam apohanaṁ
ca
aham3 = I; san-niviṣṭaḥ5 = am sitting/am seated [as Antaryami--Inner Abider]; hṛdi4 = in the heart; sarvasya1 = of all living beings; ca2 = and; mattaḥ6 = from Me; [come] smṛtiḥ7 = memory; jńānam8 = knowledge; ca10= and; apohanam9 = loss [forgetfulness]; ca12 = and; aham14 = I; vedyaḥ16 = am knowable; sarvaiḥ13 vedaiḥ11 = by all Vedas; aham21 = I; [am] eva15 = indeed; vedānta-kṛt17 = the author of Vedas; ca20 = and; eva19 = indeed; veda-vit18 = the Knower of Vedas. 15.15
15.15: I am seated in the hearts of all living beings. From Me come the memory, the knowledge, and the removal. I am also the knowable from the Vedas. I am the Author of the Vedas and the Knower of Vedas. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
द्वाविमौ पुरुषौ लोके क्षरश्चाक्षर एव च । क्षरः सर्वाणि भूतानि कूटस्थोऽक्षर उच्यते ॥१५- १६॥
dvāv imau
puruṣau
loke kṣaraś
cākṣara
eva ca
imau2
= These;
dvāu1
= two;
puruṣau3
= Purushas [entities];
loke4
= in this world; [are]
kṣaraḥ
ca akṣaraḥ5
= the perishable and the imperishable;
ca8
= and;
eva6
= indeed;
kṣaraḥ9
= the
perishable; [is]
sarvāṇi
bhūtāni10
= all living beings--their bodies; [and]
akṣara12
= the imperishable;
ucyate13
= is called;
kūṭasthaḥ11
= the
Immutable--Self
. 15.16
15.16:
There are these two (kinds of) Purushas (entities) in this world, the
perishable (Ksara) and the imperishable (Aksara). The Perishable are (the
Mayic bodies of all) living beings and it is said that the imperishable is
the Immutable (soul). Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
उत्तमः पुरुषस्त्वन्यः परमात्मेत्युदाहृतः । यो लोकत्रयमाविश्य बिभर्त्यव्यय ईश्वरः ॥१५- १७॥
uttamaḥ
puruṣas
tv anyaḥ
paramātmety udāhṛtaḥ
tu3 = But; uttamaḥ1 puruṣaḥ2 = the Highest Person; [is] anyaḥ4 = different; yaḥ9 = who; udāhṛtaḥ8 = is described; [as] parama5 ātmā6 = the Supreme Self; eti7 = thus; āviśya11 = entering inside [pervading]; loka-trayam10 = the three worlds; bibharti12 = maintains and preserves; [and is] avyayaḥ13 = the imperishable; īśvaraḥ14 = Supreme Controller--God. 15.17
15.17: He pervades and sustains the three worlds and is known as the Imperishable, the Supreme Controller (Isvara). Uttama Purusa is different (from the Ksara and Aksara Purusas). Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
यस्मात्क्षरमतीतोऽहमक्षरादपि चोत्तमः । अतोऽस्मि लोके वेदे च प्रथितः पुरुषोत्तमः ॥१५- १८॥
yasmāt kṣaram
atītoham akṣarād
api cottamaḥ
yasmāt1
kṣaram2
atītaḥ3
aham4
akṣarāt5
api6
ca7
uttamaḥ8
yasmāt1
= Since;
aham4
= I;
atītaḥ3
= transcend or
go beyond;
kṣaram2
= the perishable;
ca7
= and;
api6
= also;
uttamaḥ8
= higher
than;
akṣarāt5
= the imperishable;
ataḥ9
= therefore;
asmi10
= I am;
prathitaḥ14
= celebrated;
loke11
= in the
world;
ca13
= and;
vede12
= in the
Vedas; [as]
puruṣottamaḥ15
=
Purushotama--the Highest Person/the Supreme Person. 15.18
15.18:
Because I go beyond the perishable and higher than the Imperishable
and supreme, I am renowned in the world and in the Vedas as
Purushottama (Supreme Person). Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
यो मामेवमसंमूढो जानाति पुरुषोत्तमम् । स सर्वविद्भजति मां सर्वभावेन भारत ॥१५- १९॥
yo mām
evam asaṁmūḍho
jānāti puruṣottamam
yaḥ1
= He who;
[is]
evam3
= thus;
asammūḍhaḥ4
= without delusion;
jānāti5
= knows;
mām2
= Me; [as]
puruṣottamam6
= the Supreme Person.
saḥ7
= He; [is]
sarva-vit8
= the knower of all; [and]
bhajati9
= worships;
mām10
= Me;
sarva-bhāvena11
= with all his being;
bhārata12
= O Scion of
Bharata clan. 15.19 Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
इति गुह्यतमं शास्त्रमिदमुक्तं मयानघ । एतद्बुद्ध्वा बुद्धिमान्स्यात्कृतकृत्यश्च भारत ॥१५- २०॥
iti
guhyatamaṁ śāstram idam uktaṁ mayānagha
iti1
guhyatamam2
śāstram3
idam4
uktam5
mayā6
anagha7
anagha7 = O sinless one; iti1 = thus; idam4 = this; guhyatamam2 = the most secret; śāstram3 = doctrine; uktam5 = was declared; mayā6 = by Me. buddhvā9 = Knowing; etat8 = this; syāt11 = one becomes; buddhimān10 = enlightened; ca13 = and; kṛtakṛtyaḥ12 = accomplished in his duties; bhārata14 = O Scion of Bharata dynasty.15.20
15.20:
O sinless one, I have explained thus the most secret doctrine.
Knowing thus, one becomes the enlightened and would have done his duty well,
Bharata. Copyright © 2009 Veeraswamy Krishnaraj |
End BG Chapter 15: The Supreme Person