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Bhagavadgita Pages, Chapters 1 to 18

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V.Krishnaraj

Sumerian and Hindu Gods and Goddesses

    In the world of Sumeria, Gods and Goddesses existed participating in the affairs of the Heavens, Earth, and the Netherworld. Ancient civilizations gave equal opportunity to deities of either gender, but with the passage of time, the Sumerian Gods took a greater role and the goddesses receded in the background. We have only vestigial elements of the Great Goddesses now. Hindu religion never lost sight of the fact that both genders are of equal importance. Kali is a great example, apart from Lakshmi, Sarasvati, Durga, Parvati and a host of others.

    Where is Lilith? Lilith of Semitic Mythology is a female demon prone to attack children and live in deserted places. She was also the first wife of Adam before Eve was created.

    Where is Ereshkigal? This Sumerian and Akkadian (Assyrian and Babylonian) goddess of death and the consort of the god of death, Nergal comes from Akkadian Mythology. Yama, the Hindu god of death is the close cousin of his. Yama looks up to Siva and Vishnu. Yama is still alive, well and kicking in the Hindu mind and daily lives.

    Hecate, the Greek goddess of the earth and Hades, is proficient in sorcery, and associated with hounds and crossroads. She has many names: Goddess of Death, Queen of Witches, Crone Mother. She has three animal heads: dog, snake and horse. Two ghost hounds tag along and serve her. She is the Moon Goddess. She likes, receives and is pacified with sacrifices of animals such as lamb or puppy. Since she has three heads and six eyes, she knows all and sees all.

    She has an association with moon, just like Kali. She is the Queen of the crossroads, because the ritualist holds midnight ceremonies at the crossroads. Newborn children and animals were sacrificed before. Animals still are sacrificed for Kali. Kali wears two dead children on her earlobes as ornament.

    Sumeria: Sumerian god and goddess An (Anu) and Ki (Antu) emerged from the primeval and causal sea. Ki has several names: Ninhursag, queen of the mountains; Ninmah, the exalted Lady; Nintu, the parturient Lady; Nammu, the goddess of watery abyss of the primeval sea; Aruru. An and Ki are the progenitors of all gods, plants, animals.... In the first few days of creation, heaven, earth, and the netherworld are created. Ki with the name of Nammu gives birth to heaven and earth. Enlil and Enki are her sons. Enlil is the god of firmament and the older brother of Enki, the god of earth. On the advice of his mother, Enki creates servants for gods, and advises his mother Ki with the name of Nimmah / Ninhursag to create man. An's sons generally go by the name Annuna, the fifty gods of the underworld. Annuna = An's children. Sud is the daughter of An (Anu) and goes by the name of Nin-Mah, the exalted lady.  Sud and Enlil had a son; Sud and Enki had a daughter. Sud was endearingly called Mammi, the Mother of gods. Sud is Ninti, Lady of life.

Anunnaki. various unnamed Sumerian deities who constituted the divine assembly presided over by An and Enlil and of whom seven were judges in the afterworld.

 

An took heaven and Enlil the son of An and Ki took the earth. Ereshkigal

To be continued