Polynomial Hanuman goes by a multiplicity of names.

1.       Hanuman: The one with prominent jaw.

2.       Añjaneya: Son of Anjana. Metronymic name.

3.       Kesari Nandan: Son of Kesari. (Patronymic name; eponym.)

4.       Maruti: Son of the Wind. (Patronymic name; eponym)

5.       Bajrang Bali: The Strong One. Eponym after his strength.

6.       Sankata Mochana: The Remover of Dangers.

 7. Pavanputra  pavan = Wind or Siva (Son of Wind-god or Siva)

8. Anjaniputra (Son of Anjani)

9. Chiranjivi. One of the seven immortal beings who will live until the end of the present Kali Yuga.

Kamban of Kambaramayanam praises Anjaneya in terms of the Five Great Elements as follows. He is the son of the Wind. He jumped across the Water Element to Lanka. He traversed the Sky to reach Lanka. He saw Sita, the daughter of the  Earth in the Asoka forest. He torched Lanka with the Fire Element. 

    Hanuman: One having a jaw (haum) that is prominent (mant)".

Images: Credit Wikipedia. Source Mathura Museum.  Anjana holding Baby Hanuman in the right hand.

Hanuman is the quintessence of strength, heroism, excellence, Sakti and Bhakti.   Hanuman = Hanu +Mant = Jaw + Prominent
Hanuman means, 'Heavy-jawed.' He is the paragon of Virtue, and the epitome of self-control, faith and service under difficult circumstances belying his looks. He was a great warrior, a friend and a devotee of Rama...

Hanuman at birth  was not naked like all newborns but he wore divine jewels, a red loincloth, Munja grass sacred thread and two invisible gold earrings, the latter seen by Rama only at his first encounter. He had a short and thick neck. His face was round like the moon and red like the fire. His fangs were white and sharp. The poet describes his mane as a wreath of Asoka flowers. His flailing tail was like the flapping Indra’s banner. Hanuman can grow in all directions in an instant. The ‘Incredible Hulk’ the American TV series depicted a hero who grew and expanded instantly ripping his clothes, when he was righteously angered.  Yes, he was all 7 feet and 330 lbs., when he blew his stack. Incredible hulk was no match to Hanuman, who can shapeshift to an atom or to the size of a rippling mountain, billions, zillions or octillions of kilograms in weight. The saying goes, "Don't judge a book by its cover." Likewise, don't judge Anjaneya by his appearance. He was a Vedic Scholar. He was the Son of Siva. His Guru was the Sun Himself. Why sun? Because sun illuminates everything in its sight. When Rama met Anjaneya, he was greatly impressed by his chaste language, perfect diction, precise grammar... (I wish I have them.) Rama stated his heart, mind and soul were thoroughly delighted by Hanuman's speech. Hey, you see a Valmiki, a Kamban, a Shakespeare... in Hanuman.  

April 13, 2019.  The two, one a prince and the otherr a monkey meet. A wind-blown Saukanthika Flower  (Indian Blue Water-Lily) landed on polyandrous Pāñchāli’s lap. A whiff of the smell of the flower tickled her olfactory sense. She immediately took a liking for the wayward flower that fell on her lap. Bhīma was sitting by her side. Pāñchali told him, "I like the flower. Could you fetch me a bunch of them?"

Bhīma said, “I will fetch that flower, no matter where it is: Dēvalōka (heaven), Pātālam (Netherworld), or anywhere else.” Saying such words of reassurance and endearment, he left in search of flowers. You thought it must have been a short trip to a flower girl in the market.  No! He walked and walked smelling the fragrant flower in his quest. The fragrance titillated his senses. He doubled down on fetching it even if it meant going to the ends of the earth.
He went north to the mountainside of Himalayas. Man, that was a long trip for a flower. A lumbering old monkey was slumbering on the narrow path, edged by thickets.
"Hey, monkey, Get out of my way."
"Who are you, my dear sir? If you want, you can jump over me."
I am a warrior (Ksatriya). It is not proper etiquette for me to jump over an animal.

This to and fro Q & A went on for a while.
Bhīma was impatient, angry and exasperated at the indolent monkey.
Tell me about yourself. I want to know more about you.
I am one of the Pāndavas, born of Vāyu and a brother of Āñjanēyar.
You mean Hanumat, who has fatigued aching shoulders from carrying Rāma around.
Listen, you insolent monkey. I can move you out of the way with my little finger and go on my merry way. Don't you ever insult my brother?
Go on. Do what you wish.
Bhīma put his hand on the tail and lifted it. It won't move. He used two hands in vain.
Bhīma thought this was no ordinary old stubborn monkey.
Are you a Gandharva or a Yakṣa?
The monkey laughed and got up sluggishly with moaning grunts, creaky joints, a flailing tail and a sourpuss.
Bhīmasēṉā! Do you know who I am? I am Vāyu Putraṉ, Māruthi. I thought you would have figured it out by this time.
Bhīma stood there spellbound, confused and speechless.
Love you Brother! I can't believe it. How did you happen to be here?
Bhīma! I was waiting for you. I knew you were coming this way. (He was the true mind reader.) The moment Pāñchāli asked you for the flowers, I stationed myself in this narrow path expecting your arrival. (Māruthi was an omniscient and omnipotent yogi.)  

   You Tube.

How do I know you are my brother?
Māruthi expanded in all directions and standing tall scraping the sky. Now Bhīma was convinced. They embraced each other fondly.
Brother! You can't go down this narrow path, forbidden for human foot traffic and reserved only for the celestials. If you go further, you will face danger. I will be gracing the flag of the chariot of Arjuna with Krishna as the charioteer in the Pandava-Kaurava war. I will make sure the Pandavas win the battle. Listen, Pāñchāli is waiting. There is a pond over there. Pick your flowers and go home to Pāñchāli.
They hugged and departed.
Yes, Anjaneya, the Cirañ-cīvi strides and straddles two eras of Ramayana and Mahabharata, was of great help in locating Janaki, and assuring victory for the Pandavas.

Indrajit, the son of Ravana, saw the ferocious fighter Hanuman kill his brother Akshakumara and the five field commanders and wondered what would happen to Sri Lanka, if a troop of monkeys like Hanuman landed in his country. Ravenous Ravana saw a hero in Hanuman, observing his feat.

அக்ஷகுமாரன்  =  அக்ஷயம் + குமாரன் = Akṣaya + Kumāran = The son of + the Indestructible [Ravana]. 

Bee is the pollinator but not the producer of Pollen. One little bee carries the pollen from one flower to another flower. Wind god played the role of the carrier of vital fluid of Siva.

Kesari and Añjanā were a couple. Kesari was a devotee of Siva. He used to go on pilgrimages and when he found a beautiful garden in his travels, he would sit there and meditate. Añjanā and Kesari prayed to Siva for a son. Siva gave them the boon of being born in the womb of Añjanā . Siva took his birth as Hanuman or Añjaneya, his metronymic name.  Ramayana is the garland and Anjaneya is the gem: Mahāmālaratna. 

Though Kesari was the wedded husband of Añjanā, Vayu - the wind-god- transported the divine power of Siva into the womb of Añjanā. Wind-god was only a carrier (delivery boy) and not really the biological father of Hanuman. Hanuman is an incarnation of Siva himself. Confusing? What do you say in prayer? O my father in heaven. You have an earthly father and a father in heaven. Are we all the children of God? Likewise, we are all the children of Siva.

Añjanā married ape Kesarin. She later married the wind-god who was the carrier of Siva's Amsa to the womb of Añjanā, bore Hanuman as the biological son of Siva. But why? The answer is simple. No one can take on Ravana but Hanuman. Hanuman's body must be endowed with the power and potency of Siva. Siva has 11 heads, believe it or not. Ravana sacrificed 10 heads to Siva. But he had no more heads to sacrifice, satisfy and equate the last head of Siva-Rudra. So Rudra incarnates as the body of Hanuman, and Sakthi (power) becomes Hanuman's tail. Now Ravana's fate is signed, sealed and delivered.

Anjana is an Apsaras. An Apsaras in heaven is the most beautiful woman in the universe. Kesarin is an ape. Siva sported as a simian when Anjana became pregnant. Anjana, the mother of Anjaneya or Hanuman is an Apsaras, the dancer in heaven. Siva, the biological father of Anjaneya in his simian form, is God. The product is Anjaneya. Here is the reason. When Anjana became pregnant, Siva and Parvati were sporting in the jungle as simians. That is why Hanuman is what he is. Does it not say there is unity in existence? All beings have Siva in them. Vaishnavas beleive that Vishnu as the Universal Soul exists in all beings.
There is Siva in everyone. Siva can change his appearance. Consider this: Nandhi the Bull is the theriomorphic form of Siva.  Notes April, 8, 2019

Rudra-avatara = Hanuman.

Here is the story behind the story. Siva and Parvati disported themselves in a forest as monkeys. Yes, the divine pair do things like this. (Did you not want to fly like a bird, run like a horse, hang from the tree branch by the prehensile tail of a monkey...) Another example. Siva was alone doing penance. He was thrown out by Parvati from the home in Kailash. Siva took the form of a Chandala, unbenownst to Parvati. Parvati was no fool, knew the antics of Siva and came to seduce yogic Siva. Have you known a wedded couple seduce each other in a motel on a waterbed? Her divine intuition and vision told her who that Chandala was. Parvati without the knowledge of Siva-Chandala, morphed into a Chandala woman, approached Siva and asked him to teach her Yoga (union with Universal consciousness). Siva was well-known as the Yogi of yogis. Who else can teach Yoga better than Siva? Siva-Chandala never saw a ravishing Chandala woman in his life. Siva-Chandala cast a  come-hither look at Parvati. Parvati obliged. There the story ends with the rest left to your fertile imagination. There are more things in this story than meet the eye. Chandala in the olden days was looked down upon as the progeny of a high-caste Brahmana mother and a Sudra father. In the bad old days, that was a stain on the Brahmana family. Nowadays it is not uncommon. It is like miscegenation in the west in America before the 1950s.  There were laws prohibiting miscegenation in the USA. Our story simply tells the humanity that all people are children of Siva, no matter what their race, castes, religions, colors,... Siva is God, Brahmana, Ksatriya, Vaisya, Sudra (Siva's father-in-law Daksha called Siva a Sudra.), Chandala, tribal...

Back to our story. It was a Halloween night for them as Siva and Parvati played monkeys. Here there are more tricks than treats. (Siva being the father and Sakti being his power, Hanuman can shapeshift and morph.) Siva's vital fluid escapes. Immediately he summons the Wind-God to carry his semen to Añjanā who was praying to Siva for a son. The Wind-God obliges and carries the semen to Añjanā, who becomes pregnant with Siva. Before the Wind-God delivered the semen of Siva into her womb, Añjanā felt someone was touching and caressing her thighs. Yes, it was the Wind-God who did that. It is like the obstetrician administering the semen into a woman's womb (artificial insemination). Necessarily, his dextrous hands come into contact with the patient's thighs. All the moves are professional and above reproach. So was the case with Wind-God. Talking about Wind-God (Vayu Bhagavan) and fertilization, the wind carries pollens from one flower to another flower. You see he is only a carrier of pollens (Pollinator) as in the case of transportation of Siva's vital fluid to Añjanā. Take the honey bee, hopping from flower to flower and sucking up the nectar. The pollens get stuck all over its body and get transported to another flower and thus the bee helps pollination. The bee is only a carrier of pollens.  By the way, honey bee's original home was South Asia (India).  Another tidbit. Siva in one of his escapades, chases after Mohini and spills his vital fluid on earth. Those spills became the veins of gold and silver. Now you know our ancestors knew alchemy. These stories are apologues to teach us lessons and should not be taken in a literal sense. The universal God is Consciousness with no attributes. Men give attributes to describe the indescribable.

 Since Siva was in the simian form disporting in the simian jungle with simian Parvati, the baby born to Añjanā had the features of a monkey. DNA never lies. Since the wind-god was the intermediary (transporter), Hanuman was strong and fast as the wind. Since the wind-god was a messenger for (Indra and) Siva, it was natural Hanuman was also a Dūta (messenger, Envoy, Ambasador) to Ravana. Since Hanuman was the son/Avatar of Siva, he was learned in all arts.  Siva Peruman and Parvati were the Guardians of Sri Lanka. When Ravana abducted Sita, all privileges and protection were terminated by Siva and Parvati and they left Sri Lanka for Kailas. Ravana without Siva and Parvati was left to his own devices, which were not enough to save him and his kingdom. They sent their Amsas in the body, mind, and soul of Anjaneya or Pavanputra (Pavan = Siva; Putra = son). Now you know the rest.

Siva and Parvati played the role of the simians. There is an implied lesson in this. We were apes before we were humans. If Siva was a simian, he was an in-dweller or inner abider in the simian. If he is the inner abider in the simian, he must be the inner abider in all animal kingdom.

Though we are the sons and daughters of Siva, we are all dumbed-down versions of Siva. Siva is MAXI and we are Mini. Remember Mini-me in Austin Powers movies.  Why so? Siva is Pure Consciousness. We have human consciousness, a zillion times less powerful than Siva's conciousness. Our souls are covered with Malas. Once the impurities are removed we become Siva himself. There is a Tamil saying: அவர் தூணிலும் இருப்பார் துரும்பிலும் இருப்பார். It means God is in the pillar (Narasimha Avatara) and in a dust particle (atomic = extremely minute particle). Siva Nataraja dances in the universe stage and also in the atom. He is omnipresent, omniscient and omnipotent. Neither the universe nor God will disappear. One universe may die in the Black Hole but another universe rises to take its place.

A true story: A doctor's malfeasance.

Here is a human being PLAYING GOD with people's lives. The women in the USA sought the doctor's help for anonymous donor fertilization of their ova. What the doctor did was to use his own sperm to fertilize the ova of these women (his patients).

Though I am a devotee of Siva, I am reminded of a real-life episode in North America. A fertility doctor promising to provide anonymous donor insemination services, used surreptitiously his own semen to fertilize the ova of his childless patients.

 "Investigators found no evidence that any donor program actually existed. Some of Jacobson's patients who had conceived through donor insemination agreed to genetic testing. At least seven instances were identified in which Jacobson was the biological father of the patients' children, including one patient who was supposed to have been inseminated with sperm provided by her husband. DNA tests linked Jacobson to at least 15 such children, and it has been suspected that he fathered as many as 75 children by impregnating patients with his own sperm.[4]"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Jacobson

Om Namasivaya.

Añjanā rode a scorpion. The scorpion sting did not bother her. Or the scorpion dared not sting her. She was an Apsarasas, a celestial beauty. When people are stung by scorpion, the victims pray to Añjanā for full recovery.  

Who is an Apsarasas?  She is the Essence of the Waters, moving in the water or clouds. She is a professional Seductress in heaven or Svarga, Indra's heaven. These celestial nymphs are mistresses of Gandharvas, the celestial musicians. They dance for gods. The most ravishing beauty in the universe is Urvasi. Yes, an Apsarasas. An Apsarasas can assume any shape, most often that of a bird. Warriors who die in battle are carried away by the Apsarasas in brilliant chariot to Indra's paradise. It is similar to that of the Teutonic Valkyries.  You cross a god in heaven. You are in big trouble.  They send the seductress, an Apsarasas. They seduce the Risis and ascetics and drive them mad. Promiscuity is their stock-in-trade. (They play Sugar Babies to Sugar Daddies.) They were known to abandon their earth babies upon completion of their pelvic mission and go back to heaven.  Ref: Harper's Dictionary of Hinduism by Margaret and James Stutely. Harper & Row.

When Lakshmana died in the battlefield and Rama was exhausted, an herb in the mountain of Himalayas had the power to resurrect Lakshmana and rejuvenate Rama from exhaustion. Hanuman flew to the Himalayas at the speed of wind and thought, uprooted one peak with herbal plants (Dronagiri) and brought it to Lakshmana. Lakshmana resurrected with the help of Sanjivani herb. Rama recovering from exhaustion blessed Hanuman with a perpetual life. He is one of the eight immortal beings (Chiranjivis) until the end of Kali Yuga: Hanuman, Vyasa, Parasurama, Vibhishana, Asvattama, Bali, Kripacharya, and Markandeya.                               

Here is a painting of Ravi Varma depicting Hanuman carrying the herbal mountain.

A sea monster swallowed Hanuman, who induced vomiting in the monster from inside and escaped.   

Kalanemi the Old Nemesis Strikes again in the Name of Kamsa.  Killing Kamsa was not a Tamāsa for Krishna. But Krishna had to do it.

Kālanemi is a demon and an evil Avatar opposed to Vishnu in all His Divine Avatars.  He pops up like a poisonous mushroom, whenever Vishnu takes a Divine Avatar. Poor Kālanemi, he gets clobbered and killed everytime and yet he does not give up and is reborn as the enemy of Vishnu Avatars.

Kālanemi was a Dānava, the son of Danu (one of the daughters of Diti). Kālanemi personifies the Wheel of Time.  Kāla = Time. Nemi = Circular rim of a wheel or part of the rim. Call him Wheel of Time Demon, or simply Wheel Demon. He, being a Rākṣasa, took his birth as Kaṁsa, killed by Krishna.

     A Punk in the Saffron Garb of a Monk 

Ravana’s soldiers died by thousands in the hands of the Vāṉara soldiers. Jāmbhavān killed Kumbarkarṇa’s son Kumbhaṉ. Aṅgathaṉ killed his brother Nikumbaṉ. Lakshmana’s arrow severed the head of Ravana’s son Adhikāyaṉ, took the disembodied head to the Assembly Hall and deposited it before Ravana. Ravana came to the battlefield with fire in his eyes and saw Lakshmana, and his brother Vibhīṣaṇa. Calling him the traitor, Ravana launched a Mantra-infused Sakthi missile on Vibhīṣaṇa.
Seeing the Sakthi missile aimed at Vibhīṣaṇa, Lakshmaṇa stepped in front of Vibhīṣaṇa, bore the brunt of the weapon and fell on the ground and lost his consciousness. Anjaneya picked up the body and went to grieving Rāmar. Sugriva and Vibhīṣaṇa were upset because Lakshmana took the weapon meant for the latter.
Jāmbhavāṉ found Lakshmana alive, reassured Rama and sent Anjaneya to get the Sañjīvī Mūlikai (The herb) from Sañjīvi-paruvatam (Sañjīvi hill), capable of reviving a person, dead or in a swoon. Even the Herbal-Wind can raise the dead and the unconscious to life and health.
Jāmbhavāṉ chose Anjaneya for the task. Anjaneya paid homage to Rāmar and took off towards the Himalayas. Ravana’s spies immediately informed Ravana who asked the Māyāvi (Conjuror) Kālanēmi to stop Anjaneya from bringing the herb.
Kālanēmi by magical powers transported himself to Sañjīvi mountain ahead of Anjaneya and stayed in a Hermitage with a pot of poisoned water. Hanuman was there looking for the Herb and found the Hermitage and Kālanēmi, the Punk in the Monk’s garb. Kālanēmi told Hanuman he knew by Yogadṛṣti the purpose of his visit, and the need to wake up Lakshmana from his unconscious state. He added he could help him, and invited him. The Pseudo-Muni advised Anjaneya to rest, relax and recoup overnight and then go for the herb next day. The Muni offered him water from the pot.
Anjaneya who chanted Rāma Nāma all the time felt a sense of unease with the Vibhuti-stripped and matted-hair Muni. He did not drink the water telling the Muni he was so thirsty a pot of water was not enough and he had to go to a river for quenching his thirst and ablution. The Muni wondered whether Hanuman got wind of his nefarious plan to kill him. (After all, Hanuman was the son of the wind-god.) The Muni offered to take him to the mountain and harvest the life-saving herb on his return and actually there was no need for the herb because Lakshmana was already safe (Yogadṛṣti).
Hanuman went to the nearby river and dipped his foot in the river and no sooner, an alligator swallowed him whole. Hanuman enlarged his body several times his original size and split the alligator into two parts. He emerged from the dead alligator with an Apsaras by his side. The Apsaras of divine beauty and effulgence paid homage to Anjaneya and said her name was Māliṉi. She told a Muni wanted consortium with her. She refused, and the Muni cursed her to become an alligator. If this happens in the modern times (at least by aberrant thought of aberrant men), we will have no women but only alligators. See you later alligator! Because of her contact with him (Celibate Anjaneya), her curse was lifted, and she was back to her own self. Māliṉi added that Ravana sent the matted-hair Muni in the Hermitage to sabotage his plans and kill him. She later left for her place.
The Muni invited Anjaneya back to his Hermitage and offered to instruct him on Mantras. As a Guru Dakṣiṇa for his Mantras, Anjaneya pounced on him, delivered a blow on his chest, saw him vomit blood from his mouth and die. (He is Kalanemi and takes birth again and again to kill Vishnu in his avatars and Vishnu's servitors.)
Chanting the name of Rama, he went to the Meru Mountain and could not identify the Sañjīvīni herb because all herbs were radiantly beautiful from the divinity of the mountain. He sheared the mountain off its base and flew with it to the battlefield in Lanka.
As he approached the battlefield, the dead Vāṉara warriors came to life with the Herbal Wind blowing on them. Before Añjaneya could arrive at the battlefield, Vibhīṣaṇa and Sugriva buried the dead Arakkar soldier deep in the sea so they would not come back to life. As the Herbal-Wind touched Lakshmana, he woke up from his unconsciousness. Once all Vāṉara warriors and Lakshmana were back to life and consciousness. Hanuman took the Herbal mountain and put it back in its place. He did not dispose it as trash, as we do. Hanuman must have been an environmentalist and a  conscientious recyler.
More Arakkars died. The news of Lakshmana’s resurrection shattered Ravana, who sent Kumbhakarna to the battlefield, defying the latter’s advice to return Sita to Rāmar.

 Here is another version. Kālanemi was the uncle of Ravana, who sought the help of Kālanemi to kill Hanumat -remember he set Ravana's kingdom on fire-, the friend of Rama, with a promise of dominion over half his kingdom. Kālanemi disguised himself as a recluse and invited Hanumat for a sumptuous eight-course dinner. Name a monk in the forest who gave an eight-course dinner! Hanumat declined his invitation and went to the river for ablution. Would you accept a dinner invitation from a total stranger? A crocodile in waiting, seized him by the foot and dragged him into the depths of the river.  Hanumat killed the croc. Out of its body emerged an Apsaras, a beauty of all climes, times, and poems. She was cursed a long time ago by Dakṣa to become a crocodile with a promise she would be released when the crocodile died in the hands of Hanumat. Release from the curse exhilarated her and she warned Hanumat that Kālanemi intended to kill him at the behest of Ravana. Dinner invitation was the ruse of the false recluse. Hanumat returned to the hermitage, caught Kālanemi by his heel and flung him so hard he landed before the throne of Ravana in Laṅkā to claim half his kingdom unconvincingly.  In the West there was Dwarf-tossing or Midget-tossing sports - now outlawed. Strong men fling a well-padded and helmeted dwarf. The strongest man who throws the protected dwarf farthest on to a mattress gets the prize. Now we know Hanuman was the founder and the father of the tossing sports. I personally am opposed to the sports in real life and calling them by the pejorative word, dwarf. Everybody deserves respect and dignity. Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf-tossing

  Midget-Tossing Image Credit: Chtistian McQueen

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Remember Kamsa, the reincarnation of Kalanemi. He was a bad dude. He hated Krishna, his parents, and his sister. Krishna's parents were Devaki and Vasudeva. Devaki was the sister of Kamsa, who heard that Devaki's male child would kill him one day. Krishna at birth in the prison of Kamsa, was smuggled out by his father and replaced by infant Durga. Kamsa the incarnation of Kālanemi, flung the Durga baby out of spite intending to kill her. Durga as she was air-borne emitted a voice from the sky that Kamsa's death was a certainty at the hands of Krishna. She simply vanished from the sky without falling on earth. You saw wedding pictures of Durga and Siva. Guess who gives away Durga to Siva. Yes, It was Krishna, Durga's brother doing the honor.

Here is a lesson. Kamsa was demonic, while his sister Devaki was so divine that Bhagavan Krishna Himself decided to be born of her womb. Man can be a Pasu, a Vira or a Divya (animal, man, Divine). Kamsa chose to be demonic and his sister chose to be the mother of the Divine. Going from Pasu to Vira to Divya is the goal of man. Some are born Pasu and remain Pasu for life. Some are Vira. Some are Divya. Some go from Pasu to Vira to Divya. All the tyrants of the past and the present are the Pasus. Most of the people remain Vira, abiding by the laws and customs. Some are born Divine at the beginning: Krishna, The Buddha, Jesus Christ.

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Vayu Bhagavan the life sustainer of all air-breathing beings can become cyclonic and violent. In Vedic times, Vayu, Varuṇa and Agni were the Holy Triad. You heard about the Aryans. They were a nomadic tribe. They knew their cattle, the horse... They lived under the sky, were drenched by the rain..., What they could not control, they apotheosized as gods. Naturally they worshipped the pentad as gods: Akasha, Vayu, Agni, Jala and Prithvi = Ether, Air, Fire, Water, and Earth. They wanted to pacify and control these elemental gods. They offered sacrifices to these gods, to whom they gave names: Indra, Varuna... Their list of gods expanded. They dug pits for fire sacrifice. The fire-god carried the supplications of the Indo-Aryans to the gods, who send them rain... To them, the relationship with gods was transactional: I give you sacrificial offerings and you give me something in return: rain, cattle... These commercial transactions went to a ridiculous extent that the purveyors of  fire sacrifice declared that gods will die of starvation if not for their sacrifices. Later, the elemental gods were replaced by the holy triad: Brahma, Vishnu and Siva. Brahma has one or two temples in India, while Siva and Vishnu have innumerable temples and devotees. The reason is Brahma told a lie to Siva saying he found the bottom and the top of Siva as a fiery column and conscripting a false witness to lie for him. Vishnu was humble and told the turth that he could find neither the bottom nor the top. Siva became angry and cursed Brahma that he would not have any devotees or temples in his name. The Indo-Aryans turned their mind inside and came up with deep thought philosophy. In south India, there was flowering of Saiva Siddhanta, Divyaprabhandam, Kural...

The wind-God in his violent temper broke the summit of Mount Meru, the Axis Mundi, egged on by Narada Muni. Garuda spread its wings over Mount Meru and protected it from Vayu. In an unguarded moment of Garuda, Vayu ripped off part of the Mount Meru and threw the humongous rock in the Indian ocean creating the Island of Sri Lanka. You thought Sri Lanka formerly Ceylon is sitting on the Indian Plate, a tectonic plate, part of the Indo-Australian Plate. That is science. Now the mythology. Sri Lanka is a teardrop island, the summit of Mount Meru broken by Vayu Bhagavan and lobbed into the Indian ocean just south of Ramesvaram. The tsunami created by this catastrophic fall of the mountain peak spread around the world creating 100 foot waves. It took a year for things to return to normal. If you are a mythologizer, the latter sounds very believable.  Hanuman, Vayu's putative son, broke the summit of Dronagiri the life-saving herbal peak and transported it for the revival of Rama and resurrection of Lakshmana. Hanuman was following his putative father’s footsteps (that of Vayu Bhagavan). Both Vayu Bhagavan and Hanuman break and move mountains.  Hanuman’s biological father Siva lives in Kailas the snowcapped mountain peak and married Parvati, the daughter of the king of mountain, Himavan (= Himavat = Parvat = mountain). The daughter of Parvat is Pārvati, the consort of Siva.

Vayu Bhagavan was a lecher (Sorry to out [expose] him), though married to the daughter of Visvakarma (the great architect of the gods) in addition to Bharati and Swasti. Vayu Bhagavan was the original Long Dong Silver. His male hormones must have been raging wild. That over-produced, under-expressed and redundant energy, he used to break the summit of Mount Meru, while his father-in-law Visvakarma was an architect and a builder. He was like the rutted elephant, a zillion times more so. O my, run for cover, if you can beat his long transcontinental strides.

Vayu Bhagavan had a man cave called Gandhavati. On his outings, he rode a gazelle carrying a flag. The gazelle I see in the picture looks like a hybrid, a cross between a horse and a gazelle. It must be a chimera, I suppose. Vayu Bhagavan must be careful riding this chimera. Look at the horns at his eye level. He needs protective goggles.

Deities preside over and protect our organs: Eyes, ears... People can live without them but not without the Wind-God. When he leaves, he leaves behind a dead body. He is that important for life and living.

Wind-God always travels with Vishnu, Lakshmi and obviously Garuda. Long live the Wind-God in you.

The Killer Whale and the Seal: Playing with the Food.

The Toss and the Gulp

Remember Hamnuman lobbed Kalanemi in disguise of a recluse across the Gulf of Mannar to land in Sri Lanka. Here is a whale story.

You hear moms telling children Not To Play With Food. You know people throw a peanut up in the air and catch it with the open mouth. Animals do them too. Take a pod of Killer Whales at sea. They surround the seal taking a sunbath on the ice float. A pod circles around the sun worshipper. One whale hits the seal with its tail fin. The seal goes up 80 feet into the air. It is disabled, and disoriented, and on its way down, enters the cavernous mouth of the killer whale. 

 Image:Krishna killing Kamsa, the bad avatar of Kālanemi.   Poor fellow, he was tossed by Hanuman in the previous life and now as Kamsa gets pummeled by Lord Krishna.

Painting by Ravi Varma: Credit: the rrvhfoundation.com

Hanuman had distrubing dreams. Hanuman somehow knew the import (behind the dreams). He realized what his anxious ancestors told him in the dreams: “Hanuman, you offer oblation to us in a proper manner. After your demise, who will offer oblations to us?"

Knowing the unhappiness and its cause, Sita Devi said, “Hanuman, don’t be disheartened. Go to Kishkinda and bring back a bride. I will conduct the wedding ceremony. Your progeny will perform śrāddha for the ancestors." Hanuman sets out on his quest, he wonders how he would get along with a woman. Hanuman thought Sugriva is the best person to advise him on domestic tranquility, left for Kishkinda and explained the situation to Sugriva. 

On the way, he came across the noble king of Tumba, Cañcarīka and Ṛṣi Lomaṣa. They do not provide the right answers in the choice of a bride. Hanuman goes to the monkey king Sugrīva with 18,000 wives. If anyone should know about women, he is the go-to monkey for advice. Sugrīva keeps their (wives) mouths shut with utility tape. (Speak only when you are spoken to.) This enforced silence keeps the peace. Hanuman is unsatisfied with Sugrīva’s treatment of his wives. Sugrīva wants to unload his aging wife Tārā as the bride of Hanuman, who does not fall for the hook, line and sinker and ignores the offer. Thanks, but no thanks. Sugrīva’s other advice was to seek the hand of monkey princess Cilimpā in the neighboring kingdom. Princess Cilimpā just inherited the kingdom from her father and puts all her suitors to rigorous tests. Failure of tests draws the punishment of getting the tail cut off. What is a monkey without a prehensile tail?  A human! Hanuman the Vedic scholar and a chaste and precise grammarian taking a test? Ridiculous. When was the last time you asked your English professor to spell, supercalifragilisticexpialidocious? Outrargeous. Ignoble, Anomalous. Hanuman carries her off by the hair and flies to Ayodhya. (Take it easy, Highflyer! It is no way to treat a simian princess.) Cilimpā's hubris melted, mellowed and ran out. She was impressed with the virility and vitality of Hanuman and announces her love for him on her maiden voyage on the shoulders of Hanuman. (Hanuman Dear, you passed the test!) Hanuman asks her to keep her mouth shut, an advice from Sugriva. Cilimpā is a chattering princess. That is her nature and prerogative. The short-lived romance for Cilimpā ends. Hanuman sees from the blue sky Sugrīva sporting with his 18,000 wives in the Tungabhadra river and drops off Cilimpā on his laps, of course gently. What a generosity on the part of Hanuman. He gave Sugrīva a newly minted princess, while Sugrīva tried to palm off an aging wife to Hanuman. Now you know water sports are the favorite of a couple or an individual with a harem. It is possible the water sports originated with Sugriva. That too with 18,000 wives.  Must be thoroughly exhausting. Not for Sugriva. It must be fun and frolic. Now all over the world, the water sports for a young couple is to take a shower together in the claustrophbic shower stall. Or plop into a Jacuzzi. Hanuman now feels: Good riddance of the Shrew. Here is Hanuman's generosity. He was not offended when Sugriva wanted to unload his the most senior wife (Read old) on Hanuman. In return, Hanuman delivers a young princess Cilimpā (the modern day Sugar Baby) to Sugriva.

Hanuman goes to Ayodhya empty-handed and reports to Sita he has no room for a wife and child in his heart already occupied by Rama and Sita. The only solution is for Hanuman to live forever not as a forlorn bachelor but as blessed bachelor with Sita-Rama in his heart, mind, soul, every cell of his body, and speech so he can perform śrāddha to his ancestors. Sita gladly blesses Hanuman with the boon of a long life.    

http://www.hanumanchalisalyrics.com/category/hanuman-chalisa-in-english/

Hanuman Chalisa Full Meaning in English 

Hanuman Chalisa is a devotional hymn of 40 verses dedicated to Lod Hanuman.

Having polished the mirror of my heart
with the dust of my Guru’s lotus feet,
I sing the pure fame of the best of the Raghus,
which bestows the four fruits of life.
Knowing this body to be devoid of intelligence,
I recall the Son of the Wind.
Grant me strength, wit, and wisdom,
and remove my sorrows and shortcomings.

1. Victory to Hanuman, ocean of wisdom and virtue,
Hail Monkey Lord, illuminator of the three worlds.

2. Ram’s emissary, abode of matchless power,
Anjani’s son, named “Son of the Wind.”

3. Great hero, mighty as a thunderbolt,
remover of evil thoughts and companion to the good.

4. Golden-hued and splendidly adorned,
with heavy earrings and curly locks.

5. In your hands shine mace and banner,
a sacred thread of munja grass adorns your shoulder.

6. You are Shiva’s son and Kesari’s joy,
your glory is revered throughout the world.

7. Supremely wise, virtuous, and clever,
you are ever intent on Ram’s work.

8. You delight in hearing of the Lord’s deeds,
Ram, Lakshman, and Sita dwell in your heart.

9. Assuming tiny form you appeared to Sita,
and in awesome guise you burned Lanka.

10. Taking dreadful form you slaughtered demons
and completed Lord Ram’s mission.

11. Bringing the magic herb, you revived Lakshman,
and Ram embraced you with delight.
12. Greatly did the Raghu Lord praise you –
“Brother, you’re as dear to me as Bharat!”

13. “May the thousand-mouthed serpent sing your fame!”
So saying, Shri’s Lord drew you to Himself.

14. Sanak and the sages, Brahma, gods, and great saints,
Narada, Sarasvati, and the king of serpents,

15. Yama, Kubera, and the guardians of the quadrants,
poets and scholars – none can express your glory.

16. You rendered great service to Sugriva,
presenting him to Ram, you gave him kingship.

17. Vibhishana heeded your counsel
and became Lord of Lanka, as all the world knows.

18. Though the sun is thousands of miles away,
you swallowed it, thinking it a sweet fruit.

19. Holding the Lord’s ring in your mouth
it’s no surprise you leapt the ocean.

20. Every arduous task in this world
becomes easy by your grace.

21. You are the guardian of Ram’s door,
none enters without your leave.

22. Taking refuge in you one finds all delight,
those you protect know no fear.

23. You alone can withstand your own splendor,
the three worlds tremble at your roar.

24. Ghosts and goblins cannot come near,
Great Hero, when your name is uttered.

25. All disease and pain is eradicated,
brave Hanuman, by constant repetition of your name.

26. Hanuman releases from affliction
those who remember him in thought, word, and deed.

27. Ram the renunciant reigns over all –
you carry out his every task.

28. One who brings any yearning to you
obtains the fruit of abundant life.

29. Your splendor fills the four ages,
Your glory is famed throughout the world.

30. You are the guardian of saints and sages,
the destroyer of demons, the darling of Ram

31. You grant the eight powers and nine treasures
by the boon you received from Mother Janaki.

32. You hold the elixir of Ram’s name
and remain eternally His servant.

33. Singing your praise, one finds Ram
and escapes the sorrows of countless lives.

34. At death, one goes to Ram’s own city
or is born on earth as God’s devotee.

35. Give no thought to any other deity –
worshipping Hanuman, one gains all delight.

36. All affliction ceases, all pain is removed,
by remembering the mighty hero, Hanuman.

37. Victory, victory, victory to Lord Hanuman!
Be merciful even as is the Divine Master.

38. Whoever recites this a hundred times
is released from bondage and gains bliss.

39. One who reads this Hanuman Chalisa
gains success – Gauri’s Lord bears witness.

40. Says Tulsidas, Hari’s constant servant,
“Lord, make your encampment in my heart.”

Son of the Wind,
Banisher of sorrow and embodiment of blessing,
Dwell in my heart,
King of Gods, together with Ram, Lakshman, and Sita

Here is a pedigree Chart beginning with Brahma. See Ravana, the Proband.

August 25, 2018

Hanuman & Kauai Aadheenam: Carrying Iraivan Temple across the ocean from India; the bronze statue worshiped at our morning homa; the Hanuman bell  Click the link:  goo.gl/7TyvBB

The present legend of Hanuman in the 21st century is that he carried Iraivan Temple from India to Kauai.

The above painting portrays Hanuman of the 21st century (He is a Chiranjivi - The Immortal until the end of Kali Yuga.) carrying the Iraivan Temple from India across oceans to the island of Kauai in NW Hawaii.  Yes, I was there with family.

There are various stories about the origin of Lord Hanuman: He was born to the Princess Anjana after she and her husband, Kesari, prayed to Lord Siva; he is an incarnation of Lord Siva as Rudra. He is found in Buddhist, Jain and Sikh scriptures and in stories from across Southeast Asia, China and Japan, where He is the divine being Saruta Biko. Hanuman may be the subject of Rig Veda hymn 10.86. He appears in the Ramayana, Mahabharata and Puranas and is best known today as the divine helper to Lord Rama.

The How, the Why, the Who, and the When. Let us go back to the future. Hawaii. In the early 1970s, Gurudeva had visions of Hanuman and received messages from Him on how to train his monastic order. As plans for Iraivan Temple unfolded, Guruda deva found it most apt to credit the monkey deva—known as the epitome of loyalty, strength and service to God—with bringing the massive temple to Kauai, just as He once transported Mount Dronagiri from the Himalayas to Sri Lanka.   Click the link:  goo.gl/7TyvBB

Panchamukhi Hanuman.  Five-faced Hanuman: Varaha, Garuda, Anjaneya, Narasimha and Hyagriva.  

Panchmukhi Hanuman: Ravana had a brother Ahiravana, the ruler of the Underworld. During the great war, Ahiravana impersonating Vibhishana took unconscious Rama and Lakshmana to Patala, the nether world and secreted them out of sight. To rescue them, Hanuman had to kill the demonic king. It was difficult. There were lamps illuminating five directions. All lamps should be extinguished simultaneously before the great demon of the underworld was killed. Hanuman became five-headed god with heads placed strategically in five directions to extinguish the lamps and the life of the great demon. The gods were east-facing Hanuman, sky-facing Hyagrīva, south-facing Narasimha, west-facing Garuda and north-facing Varaha. Once Mahiravana was killed, Rama and Lakshmana were rescued.

Panchmukhi Hanuman is an auspicious Lord.

The Story of the Crystal Lingam as seen above in the Iraivan Temple, Kauai. 

Coleman discovers 3' 3" crystal in his mine in Arkansas in 1972. Hauled it to the surface and forgot about it. Weighed about 500 lbs. In July 1987 Almitra Zion was scouting for a crystal for Saiva Siddhanta Church. She had a vision. She found the crystal, and bought it. On August 12, 1987, it arrived in Kauai, Hawaii. Crystals are the highest form of Lingam.  Source: https://goo.gl/WzP4Lp 

Ganesa and Hanuman   New Modified Text on January 16, 2020
Ganesa and Hanuman are Ādhiyantham (ஆதியந்தம் = ஆதி + அந்தம் = Ādhi + Antham = the beginning and the end)
Ādhi is the beginning and Antham is the end.  Ganesa is the Lord of New Beginnings. Hanuman is the Lord of Successful endings or conclusions. All that begins well with Ganesa ends well with Āñjanēya .

In another sense, Ganesa and Hanuman have neither beginning nor end.

At the beginning of a deed, we supplicate to Pillaiyar for his help. Once the task on hand is satisfactorily completed, we apply a garland to Hanuman. Ganesa wrote Mahabharata using his tusk as the stylus (The picture depiction is different.). In a way, he was there at the outset, at the beginning of the story dictated by Vyasa and transcribed by the Divine Scribe Pillaiyar or Ganesa.

Both are Divine Chimeras. Remember you heard it here first.
With the beginning of a task with Ganesa worship, Hanuman brings the work to a successful conclusion. There are several similarities between Ganesa and Hanuman. Both are Brahmacharis and Divine and semidivine Theriomorphs (Deities having the form of beasts.) Ganesa is divine and Anjaneya is demigod or semidivine. Both are Chimeras. A chimera is a being with two or more genetically different tissues. Ganesa has the tissues of the Divine and also of the elephant: That is a chimera.  Hanuman was born of a celestial but also has the DNA of the simian. His father is Siva himself. It is not uncommon in humans to have chimera of blood groups. A small number of people have two different ABO blood types in their body. Take me: B (Rh negative), not a chimera. "They are not simply AB codominant. Apparently, most of these blood chimera individuals shared a blood supply with their non-identical twin before birth."  Chimera: Genetics. an organism (being) composed of two or more genetically distinct tissues, as an organism that is partly male and partly female, or an artificially produced individual having tissues of several species. Consider this. The Narasimha Avatara is also an example of Chimera: Lion's head and Divine/Human body.  So is the case with Hyagriva, the horse-headed Avatar of Vishnu.

Both are polymaths. Both are related to Siva and Parvati. There are many and varied stories about the origin of Ganesa: Parvati collected the dross from the nape of her neck, shaped Ganesa from it and infused life into it. Another tells of Vishnu performing Xenograft Transplantation in the place of severed Divine Head of Ganesa with an elephant's head.

Hanuman is the biological son (of the Amsa) of Siva (Pavanputra = Pavan refers both to Siva and the Wind God).
Parvati is the origin of Vinayaka as said before, while Hanuman is the Amsa of Siva. Ganesa and Hanuman derived their powers from the Divine Couple, Parvati and Siva.
Hanuman offers four poses.
Baktha Hanuman (1) holds the opposed palms and the hands above the head in a worshipful mode. Here in the below image, he holds the opposed palms by the chest.
Abhayahastha Hanuman (2) holds the right palm supine at the shoulder level. Vira Hanuman(3) holds a Gadam (Mace) in one hand and a hill on the other hand. This is the common depiction in temples, images, and paintings.

                                                                      Anjaneya to his devotees: "Have no fear; I am here."  (A-Bhaya-Hasta = No-Fear-Hand pose)

 
Heramba Ganapathi. He is the 11th form of 32 forms.
The five heads of Ganesa are elephant heads, representing Siva's aspects: Ishana, Tatpurusha, Aghora, Vamadeva, and Sadyojata. Heramba Ganapathi is the protector of the weak. The 'he' in Heramba means weakness or helplessness and 'ramba' is protection. The four elephantine faces are in four cardinal directions, and the fifth face points to the sky.
His Vahana is a lion that Heramba Ganapathi inherited from his mother, Parvati. He has ten arms, a noose, a broken tusk ('Danta'), a rosary, an ax, a hammer, and sweet modak. Note Danta and Dental are cognate, one example of Sanskrit being the origin of Indo-European words. The two arms show two Mudras: left-handed Varamudra (Boon giving) and right-handed Abhayamudra (No-fear assurance to his devotee).

                                                       
The ten-handed Hanuman is Dasabhuja Anjaneyar.
Once the Mahabharata war was over, Arjuna got down from his chariot and Krishna followed him. What followed their descent is the disappearance of the image of Hanuman from the Chariot flag. The next thing was the chariot caught fire.

                            
The Beginning and the End: Pillayar began writing Mahabharata with his stylus (the broken tusk), and Hanuman ended Mahabharata with the fire.

Pillaiyar wrote Mahabharata as Vyasar dictated. That is the beginning.   Once the Mahabharata war was over, Arjuna got down from his chariot and Krishna followed him. What followed their descent is the disappearance of the image of Hanuman from the Chariot flag. The next thing was the chariot caught fire.

 'Gam' is the seed Mantra of Ganesa. 'Ham' is the Bijakshara (seed letter) Mantra of Hanuman.
It begins with Gam and ends with Ham.

Ganesa Bija Mantra:  Gam for knowledge, wisdom, health, wealth, happiness, prevention of obstacles, and attainment of success.
Though they were highly literate, they never showed off the arrogance of excellent knowledge. They are Anugraha Murthys. Surya was their Guru. All deities are susceptible to the forces of Navagrahas, but not Ganesa or Hanuman. When Krishna revealed his Visvarupa to Arjuna, Ganesa and Anjaneya were in that universal form. Both had five heads. 
Panchamukha Anjaneya. This depicts

1. East Face:Anjaneya. The devotees offer banana to the East Face, which is that of Anjaneya himself.  He faces us squarely.
2. South Face: Narasimha. The offerings to the South face are a beverage and dilute buttermilk
3. West Face: Garuda mukham is the West Face. The offering is honey
4. North Face: The offering is Sarkkarai (sugar) Pongal and or Vadai.
5. The Sky Face: Hayagriva Mukham (Horse Face). There is no need to offer anything to the Sky Face.
To avert any impediments to a wedding, offer betel leaf garland on a Thursday. To prevent impediments for a work in progress, offerings on a Saturday are Lime garland or Vadai malai.
In Kanchi, before Ulakalantha Perumal temple Sannidhi, Anjaneyar appears with the conch and discus. As you see, East Face Anjaneya is the son of Siva and a Chimera; Narasimha, Varaha, and Hyagriva are Vishnu Avatars. Garuda was Vishnu's transport. You may see some suggestion (Considering the Fish Avatar) that in India, they had an idea of evolutuion and that our ancestors came out of the ocean.

The Story of Makaradhwaja: Hanuman's Croc-born Son. A Chimera between Makara and Hanuman March 30, 2019

                The Story of Makaradhwaja: A Chimera between a croc-like animal and Hanuman

Did Hanuman, the inveterate bachelor, have a son? Does that thought titillate the fancy of the 'enquiring mind' or the 'I-Want-to-Know Pedigree Chartist?

Makara: A mythical acquatic animal, which in early art appears to have been inspired by the crocodile with leonine and dog-like legs, a scaly body and the croc's tail. Its metaphysical significance is 'absolute reality concentrated in water.' In many legends and myths, it is endowed with occult and magical powers of the water bodies of all sizes. The sea is the typical Makaravasa (Makara's abode). It is the vehicle of Varuna. As the producer of fertility, it is on the banner of Kama. It is also depicted on the hand of Sri Lakshmi. The Makara and kirttimukha forms appear on the majority of French and Spanish churches built in the 12th century. It represents the sign of Capricorn in the Hindu zodiac. Coomaraswamy considers Makara is of South Indian origin and connected with pearls (Makara Nidhi of Kubera). It takes courage to take the pearl from the mouth of Makara. It is on the banner of Pradyumna, the incarnation of Kama, born as the son of Krishna and Rukmini. In Egypt, it is a sign of fertility.  --Page 175 Harper's Dictionary of Hinduism by Margaret and James Stutley.  Harper and Row 1977. 

Hanuman burnt down Lanka and dipped his flaming tail in the ocean. A drop of his eccrine sweat fell into the open mouth of a croc-like animal in the sea. Makara was its name. Since when, did reptiles have names? This is the first time a croc named Makara swallowed the drop of sweat shed by Hanuman. Yes, this Makara became pregnant, carrying the progeny of Hanuman. The Indian folklorists knew that the human sweat (a biofluid) had not only the salty minerals but also exfoliated cells of the skin  and sweat glands of the sweater with the nature of flakes of dandruff with potentially live DNA. You thought only modern scientists knew of this scientific fact. The folklorists knew that the sweat carries the DNA of the sweater. How else does the modern gumshoe (detective) collect the DNA of a person of interest? The Indian folklorists knew it many millennia ago.

    Hanuman sees his son face to face. DNA never lies.  

Coming back to the story, the pregnant Makara was caught by Ahiravana of the Netherworld (Patala). He was the half-brother of Ravana. He cut the pregnant Makara. No, he was not looking for caviar. He wanted to eat the fish/croc. The stomach of the croc had a baby boy. He was named Makaradhwaja, and Ahiravana brought up the child. Wish, he performed C/Section to deliver the baby and let Makara go free.

Recognizing his agility, intelligence, strength, vitality, and virility, Makaradhwaja was appointed as the guard of the jail cell in the kingdom of Patala.

Ravana, after his son Indrajit was killed by Rama-Lakshmanars, convinced Ahiravana to abduct them to Patala and sacrifice both to Kali. Rama and Lakshmana were languishing in jail: All by Rama's deliberate intention to prove the greatness and the facile mind of Anjaneya to rescue them.

Hanuman discovered Rama-Lakshmanars were in Patala jail. The guard at the prison was part Vāṉara and part reptile. The guard introduced himself as Makaradhwaja, the son of Hanuman. Hanuman was flabbergasted, amused and tickled to death hearing the guard’s claim. Hanuman politely introduced himself as Hanuman, a lifelong celibate. Since Hanuman was a Yogi, he closed his eyes in meditation and saw how Makaradhwaja became his son.

Makaradhwaja told him he cannot go to Rama-Lakshmanars unless he fought him to defeat to enter the Patala prison. Hanuman tied him up in knots and entered the palace, killed Ahiravana and rescued Ramalakshmanars. Rama installed Makaradhwaja as the king of Patala and went back to Lanka with Hanuman and Lakshmana.

Hanuman’s celibacy remains invulnerable, intact, and inviolate to this day.

If you are a devotee of Hanuman, you have a friend in Patala, because Makaradhwaja. the sweat-born son of Hanuman is the king now. He can forgive all the sins and dispatch you to heaven. Remember, the Pennsylvania car license plates (1980-88) carried the tagline: 'You've got a friend in Pennsylvania.'

Makaradhwaja is a sweat-born son of Anjaneya and Makara. A Vanara's DNA implanted in Makara became Makaradhwaja. The parents belong to different species. Pregnancy is impossible, as of todya's science. But the mythology has its own appeal. Clones are made from cells. You know Dolly the sheep, the first mammal cloned from the udder cell (breast cell) of its mother at the Roslin Institute in Scotland. Likewise, The sweat-borne cells have the DNA of the sweater.

One day there may be implantation of human embryos in animals, though the thought may be repulsive and unacceptable, and goes contrary to current reproductive ethics. Don't we make human insulin from the human insulin gene intoduced into bacteria?Yes, there is a difference between bacteria and mammals. Recently a reproductive physiology scientist gene-edited a disease-bearing embryo, implanted it in the uterus and delivered disease-free twin babies. It created a storm of criticism. When more mothers demand such gene-edited babies, it will one day become a commonplace occurrence. What was unacceptable in olden days become acceptable when there are critical number of subscribers and practitioners. Don't be surprised when in the future (the immunology is sorted out, the people are receptive, and the law favors such act) the human embryos are implanted in animals like pigs, cows... That saves Surrogacy Fees! We were plants, mice, cows, 'monkeys'... before we became humans. We share genes right across the flora and fauna. Human insulin molecule has close resemblance to porcine insulin. Genetically humanized pigs exclusively express human insulin. 

In Japan, Hanuman goes by the name, Saruta Biko: Divine monkey guarding the temples like Saru Gami.

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Hanuman as perceived by the Asian Cultures.

Sūn Wùkōng:  Sūn = Monkey.  Wùkōng = "awakened to emptiness"

Sun Wukong and Lord Hanuman: Are they the same?  Chinese philosopher Hu Shi thinks that Sun Wukong with magical powers was an import from India. Many Indians visited China and carried Hanuman stories.   

Ji Xianlin, Chinese Indologist in the 1980s translated and published Ramayana. The Chinese took the essential character of Hanuman and made him their own in the name of brave Sun Wukong, the Monkey King.

The stone-born Sun Wukong is obviously stone-strong and can lift 17,550 lbs. or 7,960 kg. He was capable of shapeshifting, transformation and metamorphosis like Hanuman. He commands wind, though Hanuman was the son of the Wind (actually Siva). He can freeze humans, demons and gods.

Sun Wukong is a composite character, a sort of Hybrid made of elements of Chinese lore and Hanuman.

The magical stone splits and an egg emerges from it. The wind blows on the egg and it becomes a stone monkey, which can crawl and walk. This stone monkey ate and drank and made friends with other animals and monkeys. After many trials, tribulations and successes, The Buddha granted Buddhahood on the stone-born monkey who becomes 'Victorious Fighting Buddha.’

Sun Wùkōng (Wukong = Monkey King) from Song Dynasty, 960 CE. He is a monkey born of a stone mother. Because of his stone constitution, he is very strong and can lift 7960 kg staff with no sweat. He is fast and travels 13,500 miles in one somersault. It is common knowledge that Hanuman travels at the speed of thought and wind. Hanuman can shapeshift to become a cat in Lanka and show his universal manifestation to Sita in Ashoka Vanam and to Bhima. Likewise, Sun Wukong can morph into animals and objects. He can vanquish any fighter, even those in the heavens. Each hair on his body can become the clone of Sun Wùkōng. He can order the wind, part water, control demons, freeze humans and gods.

Sun Wukong is a composite character from Hanuman of Ramayana and Chinese folk stories.

He emerged from a stone's womb as an egg. Sun Wukong emerges from the egg, crawls, walks and emits light from his eyes.

He befriends other monkeys and becomes their king. He carries a needle behind the ear and in a nanosecond can change it into a long stick weighing 8 tons.

The hell wants to collect his soul. Wukong wipes clean the registry of births and deaths, thereby erasing his identity. The king of Hell (Yama of the Hinduism) reports him to the Jade Emperor. The Jade Emperor in heaven thinks he can control him, invites Wùkōng to heaven, and promises to make him a god. It was a false promise by Jade.  Instead, Wùkōng, appointed as a stableman, releases the horses in anger.  Wukong, a stable boy, was the lowest among the gods.

Jade wants Wukong to work as the gardener in the heavens. Jade does not invite him for a banquet held for the gods. Wukong eats the peaches of immortality and pills of longevity as a protest. Compare this to Hanuman's long life in Hinduism.

Wùkōng by himself defeats 100,000 celestial warriors and kings. The deities and Guanyin capture Wukong, intending to take back the pills of longevity. Compare this to the Hindu pantheon of gods who drank the Nectar of immortality and to Ravana, who held the pot of immortality in his abdomen. The opponents put him in a crucible, lock it and set it on fire. After 49 days of slow cooking, they open the crucible and find no longevity pills. Wukong jumps out from a hiding place in the crucible insulated or hidden from the fire. Consider Hanuman whose tail remained cool when he set Lanka on fire. Wukong gains a salubrious eye condition in the crucible: Huōyān-jīnjīng (Golden-gaze-fiery eyes). With such eyes, Wukong can easily recognize evil. Wukong destroys the crucible.

Jade and denizens of heaven go to the Buddha and file a complaint. The Buddha takes Wukong in his palm, makes a fist, converts his hand into a rock mountain and keeps Wukong imprisoned for 500 years with a paper talisman having a golden-letter Mantra: Om Mani Padme Hum.  

This is the depiction of palmar creases of the hand: Heart Line or The Distal Palmar Crease; Head Line or The Proximal Palmar Crease; The Life Line or the Thenar Crease. In monkeys, apes... there is a Transverse Palmar Crease (TPC) as depicted in the picture. In people, TPC has an incidence of 1.25 percent. In children with Down Syndrome or Trisomy 21, the incidence of TPC is very high.  In anthropoid primates, TPC is the norm.  Genetics and Dermatoglyphics.

      
 Here is a comparison of palm creases in man, anthropoid primate and the palm drawing. They all have Transverse Palmar Crease (TPC).  In children with Down Syndrome or Trisomy 21, the incidence of TPC is very high.  In anthropoid primates, TPC is the norm. -Genetics and Dermatoglyphics.  A colleague of mine with bilateral transverse creases of the palms was a professor.

 Here is a statue of Hanuman with Betel leaf Garland in Grand Basin Mauritius. 

Processional Hanuman statue: Guruvayurappan Temple Morganeville, New Jersey

                         A 2006 stamp series showing Rama and Sita: Cambodia